3.1 Electronic Technology Will Have New Revolutionary Progress
1. Micro electronic and photoelectron technology will step into a wider development space.
Having passed through the ears of large scale integration (LSI), very large scale integration (VLSI), and ultra-large scale integration (ULSI), micro-electronic technology stepped into grand scale integration (GSI) integration age in 1995. IC technology as a symbol of high-tech has played an important role in the development of world economy. Development trend of IT products is that chip surface becomes larger and larger, and integrated degree becomes higher and higher, and characteristics size becomes smaller and smaller, system on the chip grows ever perfect. Since the mid-1990s, the amount of silicon chips below 125mm being gradually reduced, the amount of silicon ship of 150mm being used increased slowly, the amount of silicon ship of 200mm being used increased year by year and has become the fashion, silicon chip of 300mm seams ready to come out, and the design idea on silicon chip above 400mm has formed. Accelerating development of microelectronic technology has cause the chip arithmetic capability and performance-price ratio keep increasing as per Moore's Law, promoting the application of IT such as software and communication to the unprecedented development level. At present, IT chip RAM capacity doubled every 18 months in average and the evolution speed of integrated degree has raised from 4 times every 3 years to 4 times every 2 years. In the view of characteristic size, 0.35 micron DRAM has entered into batch production, and is transiting to the 0.25 micron and 0.18 micron IG DRAM sub-micron technology. 256M DRAM is also entered into the batch production. 4G DRAM sample of 0.15 micron technology has been successfully developed. Integrated system is the key point of micro electronic technology development at early 21 century. Under the double action of demand requirement and technology drive, the new integrated system or SOC has emerged with the whole system integrated in one or several micro electronic chip. At present, 10-10 pieces of transistors can be integrated in one chip. Integrated system is a revolution in the micro electronic design field, and the 21th century will be the period for its real rapid development.
Microelectronic technology's combination of with other disciplines study will trip a series of brand-new science studies and economic growth points. Besides the system chips, quanta elements, biologic chip, vacuum microelectronic technology, nanometer technology and microelectronic mechanical system, etc. will all become the new technology in 21thcentury.
2. Development of new electronic elements and devices and electronic information material technology
Will be more attracting With the development of information products towards the digitalized, thin, light, small, multi-functional, portable direction, new type electronic elements and devices, as a basis of IT, will develop towards the slice, miniaturization, high frequency, low power consumption, and intelligent orientations. Sensing elements and sensors will develop from the single function towards the multifunction integrated, from micromation to miniaturization, towards intelligentization, fuzzification, and systematization. Photoelectron elements will develop in the direction of longer lifetime, higher brightness, greater utput capacity, shorter wavelength, and new developed products. Flat panel display technology will keep developing towards colourization, high resolution, high brightness, high reliability, high finished-product rate and cheapness.
As another strong basis of IT, development of electronic information material becomes the center of the attention. There are around 300,000 kinds of new materials registered in the world, with a growth rate of 5% or so every year. In the area of semiconductor materials and photoelectron material, the 3G semiconductor materials which are represented by SiC, GaN, ZnSe and diamond are developing rapidly. In addition, fibre optic material, as the best information transmission media, has an overall trend of developing towards low consumption, low chromatic dispersion and low nonlinearity. Electronic information material is developing generally towards large size, high uniformity, high integrity and multi-function, compound, low fiber content and intelligent orientations.
3. With the development of digitalized technology, the technology of audio/video frequency and multimedia advance rapidly
Audio/video frequency technology is the most active and the most rapidly developed technology in the high-tech field at present. In recent years, though analog audio products have been taking the lead in the market, the digital wave is striking and changing the analog field rapidly, and digital technology stimulates the integration of audio/video frequency, communication and computer technology, resulting in a mutual penetration and fusion in business and a mutual absorption and transplant in technology, and advancing a large amount of integrate products and business, i.e. the so-called home appliances informatization. For audio frequency products and technology, audio frequency broadcasting still mainly relies on the analog technology, while different countries are actively carrying out the research for and putting into services the digital audio frequency broadcasting. Combined acoustics equipment is also developing in the direction of small size and mini-size digital combination and of multi-acoustic channel and circling sound. In the audio frequency products and technology, home television receiver is gradually developing towards the large screen. Man is embracing the digital television era. Cable TVs will tend to develop mainly towards networking and digitalization, and finally to comprehensive information business net.

3.2 Communication Technology Advances Rapidly
1. Modern communication technology is developing towards digitalization, intelligent and broad-brand orientations.
Modern communication technology mainly includes carrier communication, satellite communication and mobile communication technologies. Satellite communication is moving towards the world covered broadband personal system. Satellite operation frequency is developing from C band and Ku band to Ka band Satellite platform is designed to move towards high modulization, integration and systematization, while applying new technology such as large antenna, multi beam, capacity allocation as per requirement, treatment on satellite, etc. Synchronous orbit, medium orbit and low orbit technologies have been developed for the satellite orbit distribution. Since communication satellite facilitates the transmission of Internet information in a super high sped, a air information highway could be built. It is estimated that transmission rate of inter-satellite laser communication will reach 40Gb/s before year 2010.
Optic fiber communication will develop towards high capacity, high speed and distant communications Transmission technology has been transited from traditional synchro system of point-to-point transmission to synchro system of open optic interface. The new optic fiber communication system in the future will apply the mode of chromatic dispersion optic fiber plus erbium optic fiber amplifier plus waveform division multiples. Optic transmission net will be the developing direction of communication net in the future.
Mobile communication is the current fastest development sector in the communication field. Land cellular mobile communication system has entered into the second digital system that applies narrowband time division multiple access and narrowband code division multiple access. Furthermore, it will develop towards even higher frequency range, and there is a microcosmic mobile communication system of 1.8/1.9GHz. Now, the research or test is made on the bimodal system that CDMA and broadband TDMA can be compatible with CDMA technology, which will become the standard for the 3-G personal mobile communication system. Combination of wireless and wired communication technology is the new development trend, and new technology and new products in the wireless communication field emerge in endlessly. The third generation (3G) communication technology is the new wireless technology developed in very fast speed. 3G is characterized by fast transmission of information, and according to the present developing status, it will reach 2Mbps (2 million bit per second), about 35 times of telephone dialup, and even 200 times of the current general mobile phone. Based on this speed, not only the e-mail, but also the high quality video and sound effect will be easily presented. To use mobile phone for Internet browsing, image transmission and even sharing data, audio frequency and ideas with equipment will not be just a dream any more. Blue-tooth technology allows everyone to share documents in the notebook computer and portable equipment and to receive data in synchronism. Travelers at airport in waiting for boarding can have a dialup to Internet at any time. Office clerks can keep in touch with each other through blue-tooth equipment while walking everywhere. And at home, blue-tooth grants the automatic collection of water and electricity cost. It means that dialup to Internet freely at anytime and anywhere will be possible.
Program control interchange technique has been developed into an asynchronous transferring mode technology suitable for broadband network. The throughput of ATM exchanger has reached 80Gb/s extent, and is developing into hundreds of Gb/s extent. With the development of communication network towards fully optic fiber communication network, it is hopeful to have optic ATM exchanger in near future.
2. Information digital transformation and treatment technology grows mature
Information digital transformation and treatment technology grows mature, creating the condition for large-scale and multi-field information product manufacturing and information services. From transmission, interchange to terminal equipment, from wired communications to wireless communications, communication is now wholly moving towards the digitalization, while stimulating the transformation of communication technology from low speed to high speed, from single voice to multimedia; digital distribution treatment has started realizing in broadcasting, television, press media field, programming, transmission, receiving, printing and publishing, etc.
3. Application of network technology grows towards network economy and network society
Incorporation of computer technology and communication technology constitutes information network that integrates information handling and info-comm together. Information network technology includes technology for network system, network transmission and exchanging, network terminals and human-machine interface and network business and network application, etc. Network system technology is developing in the direction of a continuously perfected function and an enlarged application scope. For the development of network terminals, it will have three modes: being based on PC, being based on information home appliances and being based on movable and portable terminals. In the aspect of human-machine interface technology, there will be a considerable development in multi-media and AI intelligence. Furthermore, the distributed computing system will change man's views on science, technology and Internet, allowing the direct exchange of service and data among several computers. Under such environment, servers, desktop computers and laptop computers will play the same role in the network, sharing partial or whole part of resources such as arithmetic and storage capacity. This structure will enable the traditional customer computer to have the services provision function similar to the server. Central server, which provides service sharing, acts as a traffic police and stores the important data into member's computer, and then share the document directory and provide searching services for documents. Distributed computing system will take better use of Internet potentials by transforming a network based on files which can only provide the web-page browsing and e-mail sending and receiving to a dynamic granule network. In such a granule network, every detail of information could be searched and shared. The whole network will become a super computer.
The mega development trend of network application is to try to constitute the advancement of the whole national or regional economy and social progress on the information network and to develop network economy and network society.
4. Computer technology is inoculating a great change
Computer structure and function is developing towards micromation, super powerful function, intelligentization and networking. Human-machine interface will become more friendly. New technology, new material and new design principle will trig the revolution of super computer technology. Solution of many great science problems necessitates the further increase of computer algorithm, but the silicon ship itself has reached its limit. Therefore, it is now necessary to develop various kinds of new computers such as molecular computer, photonic computer, and biologic computer and quanta computer. Meanwhile, the traditional silicon chip integrates various kinds of new technology to be self innovated, and reaches quite good achievements.
The biggest bottleneck facing the application of the 21th century IT is bandwidth. In order to cater to the rapid development of Internet, and increase greatly the information volume transmitted through Internet, the structure of computer system is inoculating the great change. In addition, it will be the future trend for micro processing unit to grow in high-speed and in multimedia, for more and more PCs to utilize the high performance processor and for network technology to speed up.
5. High speed development of software technology doubles the application scope and function of IT
High speed development of software technology is not only the soul of computer application, but also becomes the nerve system of the modern network, and is the main measure to achieve network flexibility and business intelligentization. It will make the characteristics and function of computer and network continuously change and upgrade without modification or without much modification to the hardware equipment. Because of the mutual integration and penetration of software and chip design, the software technology is developed to integrate and take full use of high speed processor, bulk storage, high speed optic channel and advanced mutual interaction of human and machine, and to reach the high speed intelligentalization. At present, software technology is evoluting from the computer-oriented to multimedia information service-oriented. Software technology become the core of developing the information industry and propelling the informatization.
6. Information security technology changes with each passing day
Among IT, information security is the important immune system. Information security technology now has formed several kids of security technology such as cryptograghy technology, believable computer technology, electromagnetic leakage protection technology, system invasion detection technology, computer virus detection technology and risk analysis technology, etc. In the information security structure, crypto is the core, protocol the bridge, system structure the foundation, security integrated chip the key and the security monitoring management the guarantee. In order to improve the security digitalized environment in information society, in the traditional structure of network security information system, there has appeared in the world a wave of the combination of believable computer technology and crypto technology, and the buildup of public key infrastructure (PKI). For the method to achieve the security function, it is developed from the software realization, hardware module realization, and system kernel realization towards the security system buildup on the silicon chip.